NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2021 2.4 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Financial instruments (continued) Financial liabilities (continued) Subsequent measurement (continued) Preference shares Preference share capital issued by certain subsidiaries of the Group is classified as equity if it is non-redeemable, or redeemable only at the Group’s option, and any dividends are discretionary. Discretionary dividends thereon are recognised as distributions within equity upon approval by the Group’s shareholders. Preference share capital issued by certain subsidiaries of the Group is classified as a financial liability if it is redeemable on a specific date or at the option of the shareholders, or if dividend payments are not discretionary, and non-discretionary dividends thereon that are estimated based on profits or net assets of underlying issuers are recognised as fair value gains or losses in profit or loss. Reclassification of financial liabilities The nature and risk profile of a financial instrument may change as a result of a change in circumstances. From the date of such change in circumstances, the derivative component of the instruments were reclassified from financial liability to equity (absent of any other terms requiring its continued classification as financial liability). Derecognition of financial liabilities A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in profit or loss. Offsetting of financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. Cash and cash equivalents For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, and short term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash, are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and have a short maturity of generally within three months when acquired, less bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management. Cash and bank balances For the purpose of the statements of financial position, cash and bank balances comprise cash on hand and at banks, including term deposits, and restricted cash. R E A C H I N G N E W H E I G H T S 158
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